Impact of Capsicum annuum aqueous extract and green synthesized silver nanoparticles on the biology, physiology, and histology of the Periplaneta americana

Document Type : Original Article

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Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt

Abstract

Investigating environmentally suitable substitutes is necessary due to the growing dependence on synthetic pesticides. This research examined the efficacy of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) fruit extract and its synthesized silver nanoparticles against Periplaneta americana, applying five concentration levels 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. Experimental groups, which included control groups, were composed of ten adult American cockroaches each with three replicates treated to a 10-second spray application through exposure times of 24 to 96 hours with observations made during that time. The result displayed that chili pepper silver nanoparticles demonstrated greater toxicity compared to the aqueous fruit extract, particularly in female American cockroaches compared to adult males. Furthermore, both compounds caused biochemical alterations in the midgut, enhanced lipase and amylase levels, reduced total protein and protease levels. In certain regions, our study revealed histological abnormalities of American cockroach midguts, that were treated with C. annuum ecofriendly nanoparticles, columnar cells, and regenerating nidi that were completely deformed and degraded in males P. americana, but longitudinal muscles were absent in females and the regenerative nidi were slightly affected by revealing proliferation of the cells. It is concluded that the research contributes to ecologically friendly pest management techniques by paving the way for the investigation of chili pepper silver nanoparticles as a safer and more sustainable cockroach management tool.

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